Spectrophotometric Determination of Tiopronin and Penicillamine in Pharmaceutical Preparation Using Molybdenum Blue

Spectrophotometric Determination of Tiopronin and Penicillamine in Pharmaceutical Preparation Using Molybdenum Blue

Jamai Ali Ahmad Mustafa Tiopronin and Penicillamine are pharmaceutically important compounds in medical fields. Their determination is therefor very important. In this work new methods for spectrophotometric determination of tiopronin and penicillamine were described. These methods are based on the reaction between tiopronin or penicillamine and molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) in which the amino acids reduces MPA to phosphomolybdenum blue complex (PMBC). The absorbance of PMBC produced is directly proportional to the concentration of tiopronin or penicillamine present and it was measured at 828 nm. Beer's law was obeyed and calibration graphs were linear in the range 2.3 - 45 and 5-80 ppm with relative standard deviation of 2.13 and 1.42 %, for tiopronin and penicillamine respectively. The methods were applied for quantitative determination of tiopronin and penicillamine in pharmaceutical preparations. Jamai Ali Ahmad Mustafa Supervisors Prof. Maher A. Abu-Eid Dr. Nidal A. Za'tar October 1999 Zajel / An-Najah National University

Spectrophotometric Determination of Enzymatically Generated Hydrogen Peroxide Using Sol-Gel Immobilized horseradish Peroxidase

Spectrophotometric Determination of Enzymatically Generated Hydrogen Peroxide Using Sol-Gel Immobilized horseradish Peroxidase

Faida A. M. EL-Essi The determination of aqueous H2O2 at very low concentrations is conveniently done using 4-methoxy -4-aminodiphenylamine as the chromogenic material. When the enzymatically produced hydrogen peroxide is oxidized by the entrapped peroxidase in different Sol-Gel matrices, the preduced oxygen oxidizes the faint blue 4-methoxy -4-aminodiphenylamine into an intense violet colored species. At 550 nm the molar absorptivity of the oxidized chromogen is about 1.45X104 L mol-1cm-1. Activity of entrapped peroxidase was a function in the type of the alkoxysilane percursor. Temperature was found to significantly affect the activity of entrapped peroxidase. The enzyme did not show a decrease in activity for at least two months of use in addition to storage at room temperature and dry conditions for periods exceeding three weeks. Excellent results were obtaind for the determination of glucose in blood serum samples using soluble glucose oxidase in conjunction with the Sol-Gel entrapped peroxidase. Excellent agreement between the results obtained by the proposed method and the widely used standard method, utilizing a commercial reagents kit, was always observed. Faida A. M. EL-Essi Supervisors Dr. Monzir Abdel-Latif Prof. Ali Z. Abu Zuhri Dr. Suliman Al-Khalil 1997 Zajel / An-Najah National University

Spectrophotometric Determination of Fenbendazoleand Ornidazole in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Spectrophotometric Determination of Fenbendazoleand Ornidazole in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Imad T. Salahat A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the extraction and spectrophotometric determination of fenbendazole and ornidazole in pharmaceutical formulations. These drugs are extracted into chloroform as an ion-pair complex with bromothymol blue (BTB), and the absorbance of the ion-pair complex were measured at 416 and 446 nm for fenbendazole and orindazole ion-pair complexes, respectively. These complexes exhibit a maximum absorbance at pH 2.0 and 3.0 (Britton - Robinson buffer) for fenbendazol and orindazole respectively. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration ranges 1.2-24 and 5.5-77 ug/ml with molar absorptivities (e) of 1.9X104 and 4.0X103 for fenbendazole and Ornidazol ion-pair, respectively. All factors affecting the sensitivity and reproducibility of method were studied carefully such as, the effect of pH, shaking time, temperature, solvent used for extraction, concentration of BTB and stiochoimetry of the complexes. The suggested method was compared favorably with other existing spectrophotometric, chromatographic and polarographic methods. It was found that the suggested method was precise, accurate, and competitive and could be applied successfully for the determination of fenbendazole and orindazole in pharmaceutical formulations. Imad T. Salahat Supervisor Prof. Ali Z. Abu Zuhri 1998 Zajel / An-Najah National University

Spectrophotometric Determination of Metal Ions Using The Reagent 5,5-Dimethyl - 1,2,3-Cyclohexanetrione- 1,2- Dioxime, 3-Thiosemicarbazone (DCDT)

Spectrophotometric Determination of Metal Ions Using The Reagent 5,5-Dimethyl - 1,2,3-Cyclohexanetrione- 1,2- Dioxime, 3-Thiosemicarbazone (DCDT)

Adi Qamhieh The subject of this thesis is a presentation of the spectrophotometric determination of elements, which is one of the quantitative methods of analysis in chemistry. The basis of spectrophotometric methods is a simple relation between the absorption of radiation by a solution and the concentration of the colored species in the solution. In this work, the reagent 5,5 - dimethyl - 1,2,3 - cyclohexanetrione - 1,2- dioxime -3- thiosemicarbazone (DCDT) was allowed to react with metal ions (Co, Cu, Ni, Mn) to form colored complexes. Various factors affecting the sensitivity of the spectrophotometric method used have been studied. These factors include wavelength, standing time and pH. The range of applicability of Beer’s law on the determination has been concluded and its sensitivity has been calculated. The effect of foreign ions on the determination of the metal ions has been investigated. Properties of metal ion-DCDT complex such as coposition, stability constant and the standard free energy change of formation has been determined. After studying all factors and conditions affecting the determination of trace metal ions in aqueous solutions, a recommended procedure can be followed easily for the determination of unknown concentration of trace metal ion in solution. Zajel / An-Najah National University Adi Qamhieh Supervisors Dr. Radi Daoud A. H. Laila 1993

Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate in Water, Meat and Vegetables

Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate in Water, Meat and Vegetables

Abdulla Fathe Eid Abdulla Fathe Eid Supervisors Dr. Nidal A. Zatar  Prof. Maher A. Abu-Eid 1998 A method for spectrophotometric determination of nitrite and nitrate in water, meat and vegetables is described. This method is based on the reduction of phosphomolybdic acid to phosphomolybdenum blue complex by sodium sulfide. The obtained phospholybdenum blue complex is oxidized by the addition of nitrite causing a reduction in the intensity of the blue color. The decrease in the absorbance of the blue color is found to be directly proportional to the concentration of nitrite present. The absorbance of the phospholybdenum blue complex is monitored spectrophotometrically at 814 nm and related to the concentration of nitrite present.  On the other hand nitrate can be reduced to nitrite using modified jones reductor and determined using the same procedure as for nitrite.  The effect of different factors such as: acidity, stability of the complex, time, temperature, phosphate concentration, molybdenum concentration, sodium sulfide concentration and the tolerance amount of other ions have been reported.  Maximum absorbance amount of other ions have been reported.  Maximum absorbance is a 814 nm and Beer's law is obeyed over the range 0.23-3.00 ppm with molar absorptivitiy of 1.1X1041.mol-1.cm-1 and relative standard deviation of 2.60% for five measurements.  The method is applied for determination of nitrite and nitrate in water, meat products and vegetables. Zajel / An-Najah National University

Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Aromatic Amines

Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Aromatic Amines

Asma Abdallah Abu-Shaweesh Generally, the wide distribution of aromatic amines in nature, their importance in industry as raw materials, intermediate, and finished products, their toxic and carcinogenic properties and their use in variety of chemical researches provide the need for simple fast and reproducible method for the determination of amines. Several methods have been reported for the determination of other amines. Among these methods are chromatographic, spectroscopic and voltametric methods. It is worthwhile to mention some of these methods along with the studied amines and their fields of applications. Literature survey showed that no work has been carried out on spectrophotometric determination of 1,4-phenylenediamine, 2,4-Diaminotoluene, 8-Aminochin- olin and 2-Amino -3-hydroxypyridine using the proposed method. Amines are important in medical purposes for example, hexamethanium has been used to modify function of the nerve ganglia and reduce high blood pressure and nervous irritability. Papaverine also which is one of the alkaloids present in opium, contains isoquinoline ring as antispasmodic drug. Reserpine now used to calm schizophrenics to make them amenable to psychiatric treatment. Histidine, by decarboxylation, gives histamines which is a pharmacologically very active compound is patent vasodilator. Morphine relieves pain of any origin (has harmful side effect) and methadone is used in substitution therapy for heroin addiction (1). Asma Abdallah Abu-Shaweesh Supervisors Dr. Ali Z. Abu Zuhri Dr. Nidal Zatar 1997  Zajel / An-Najah National University

Spectrophotometric Determination of Tiopronin, Penicillamine and Captopril

Spectrophotometric Determination of Tiopronin, Penicillamine and Captopril

Tamara Abd Al -Rahman Kamal Three methods for the spectrophotometric determination of tiopronin, penicillamine and captopril are presented. They are based on the oxidation of these amino acids by irori (III) in the presence of complexing reagent (ferrozine, 1,10-phenanthroline or DI-2-pyridyl ketone thiophene hydrazone (DPKTH)) whereby colored complexes are formed. These complexes have maximum absorbance at 562 nm when using ferrozine, 510 nm when using 1,10- phenanthroline and 676 nm when using DPKTH . All factors affecting the sensitivity and reproducibility of the method were studied such as, effect of pH, time, temperature, ionic strength, effect of iron (111) concentration, effect of foreign ions concentration. The methods were applied for the determination of tiopronin-ferrozine system in the range of linearity 2.2-83.0 ppm, the detection limit was at 2.2 ppm and the molar absorptivity was2.Oxl04 l mol-' cm-', for tiopronin - 1,10- phenanthroline system the range of linearity was 4.9176.0 ppm, the detection limit was 4.9 ppm and the molar absorptivity was I .0x1041 mol-' cm-', for tiopronin - DPKTH system the range of linearity was 4.6- 176.0 ppm and the detection limit was 4.6 ppm with molar absorptivity 1.Ox104 1 mol-' cm-l. The determination of penicillamine was in the range of linearity 0.4015.1 ppm and the detection limit was 0.40 ppm with molar absorptivity l .Ox10'lmol-' cm-' when using penicillamine - ferrozine system, for penicillamine - DPKTH system the range of linearity was 4.2- 167.0 ppm and the detection limit was 4.2 ppm with molar absorptivity 1.0x104 1 mot-' cm-1. The determination of captopril was in the range of linearity 3.7- 201.2 ppm and the detection limit was 3.7 ppm with molar absorptivity 1.3x 104 1 mot-' cm-' when using captopril - ferrozine system, for captopril - 1,10- phenanthroline the range of linearity was6.9- 196.2 ppm and detection limit 6.9 ppm with molar absorptivity 1.2x10 1 mot-' cm-', for captopril - DPKTH system the range of linearity was 4.8- 209.8 ppm and the detection limit was at 4.8 ppm with molar absorptivity 1.1 x10'1 mol-' cm-' . Tamara Abd Al -Rahman Kamal Supervisors Prof. Maher Abu Eid Dr. Nidal Zatar June 1999 Zajel / An-Najah National University