Short - Term Variations in the Abundance of Zooplankton near Coral Reef and Open Water in the Northern Part of Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea

Short - Term Variations in the Abundance of Zooplankton near Coral Reef and Open Water in the Northern Part of Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea

Raid M Rizik The processes taking place when open-oceanic waters bearing pelagic organisms encounter shallow coastal habitats are virtually unknown. Such processes could potentially be a principal trophic path for benthic (coral-reef) and epibenthic (fish) communities, particularly in oligotrophic regions. This proposed to investigate the processes involved in the coupling between the Open Ocean and coastal habitats in the Gulf of Aqaba. Specifically, we propose to test hypotheses relating high-freguency (minutes, hours, days) fluctuations in zooplankton abundance, ocean currents, animal behavior, and trophic interactions on an ecosystem level. Zooplankton abundance and grazing in short term variation (minutes to weeks) were measured along the Gulf of Aqaba reef and at a near-by, open water site during October 10 and December 2.1999. Role of currents, behavior and localized predation of zooplankton in the generation of the observed variations were also studied. In our experiments zooplankton samples were obtained by filtering the pumped water through 100 m mesh net from the reef and open water sites to compare the temporal variations in the abundance of zooplankton and behavior at the tow above sites. Also two current meters equipped with a temperature sensor were deployed at the reef and away sites to record the average speed, direction and temperature of the current. Our results clearly show that: Zooplankton were less abundant at the reef, compared with the away site because of the zooplankton predation at the reef from the corals and fish. A general increase in zooplankton abundance at the two study sites in the diurnal (during day time )and nocturnal (during night time)samples, from the start of our sampling to its ends coincided with the ennsuing fall mixing and seasonal eutrophication in the northern Gulf of Aqaba. A covariation of zooplankton abundance between the two sites on the scales of both the entire period and on hourly samples within a days. A bundance of zooplankton in a diel cycle was seen at the two sites, with nearly a doubling of zooplankton biomass during night. No correlation was found between the abundance of zooplankton and the component of the currents because of the behavior primarily active swimming of zooplankton in the vertical water column. This study supports earlier reports on the important of zooplankton advection to the nutrition of coral reefs. Grazing at the reef together with physical advection seems to affect temporal variations of the zooplankton at our study sites. Raid M Rizik Supervisors Prof. Ziad Abdeen Prof. Ali Z. Abu Zuhri January 2001    Zajel / An-Najah National University

Solvatochromism of Ferrocyphen in various aqueous organic and organic- organic mixtures--Aquation kinetics of the tris ferrozine complex of Fe(II) in Polyethyleneglycol(300) & tert-Butanol

Solvatochromism of Ferrocyphen in various aqueous organic and organic- organic mixtures--Aquation kinetics of the tris ferrozine complex of Fe(II) in Polyethyleneglycol(300) & tert-Butanol

Affan Othman Swiedan Preferential solvation of bis-1,10-phenantliroline-bis-cyarloiron(II) (ferrocyplien), was investigated in aqueous-organic (tert-13utanoi and Polyethyleneglycol (300) ) mixtures and in organic-organic ( DMF Methanol, Ethanol, tert-Butanol, iso-Propanol, PEG(200) and PEG(300) Acetone-PEG(200),PEG(300) and Chloroform-PEG(300)) mixtures. The thermodynamic model of Frankel was used to treat preferential solvation in the binary aqueous-organic and organic-organic mixtures. The kinetics for the aquation of tris(ferrozine) iron(II) was studied under the various aqueous organic ( tert-Butanol and PEG(300) ) mixtures. The order with respect to the complex is found to be unity and with respect to acid is zero order. Also the Arrhenius parameters for the aquation of tris(ferrozine) iron(II) were investigated under the same aqueous-organic ( tert-Butanol and PEG(300) ) mixtures . Affan Othman Swiedan Supervisor Prof. Bassem Shraydeh October 1999 Zajel / An-Najah National University

Solvent Effects on the Solvatochromism of Ferrocyphen Complex and on the Kinetics of Aquation of Tris (ferrozine) iron (II) Complex

Solvent Effects on the Solvatochromism of Ferrocyphen Complex and on the Kinetics of Aquation of Tris (ferrozine) iron (II) Complex

Nasser M. Abu-Ghalwa Preferential solvation of bis-1,10-phenanthroline -bis- cyanoiron (II) was investigated in aqueous acetone, 2- methoxyethanol, dimethylformamide dimethylsulphoxide, isopropyl alcohol, 1.4 dioxane, and acetonitrile binary mixtures. The thermodynamic model of Frankel was used to treat preferential solvation in the binary aqueous organic mixtures and reveals that preferential solvation by the organic solvent occurs. The kinetics for the aquation of tris (ferrozine) iron (II) was studied under the various aqueous organic (ethanol, methanol, DMF, DMSO, isopropyl alcohol, and acetonitrile) mixtures.  The order with respect to the complex is found to be unity and with respect to the acid is zero order. Also a direct proportionality was found between rate of aquation and acceptance number. Nasser M. Abu-Ghalwa Supervisors Prof. Bassem Shraydeh Prof. Maher Abu Eid 1996 Zajel / An-Najah National University

Solvent Effects, Solubility and Marcus Theory Application for the Solvatochromism of Re(II) Diimine Cyanide Complexes - Effect of Temperature on the Aquation of Tris (Ferrozine) Fe (II) Complex

Solvent Effects, Solubility and Marcus Theory Application for the Solvatochromism of Re(II) Diimine Cyanide Complexes - Effect of Temperature on the Aquation of Tris (Ferrozine) Fe (II) Complex

Lamees Zuhair Majjad Preferential solvation of Fe(phen)2(CN)2 and [Fe(phen)(CN)4]-2 were investigated in aqueous, dimethylformamide, 2-butoxyethanol, polyethyl-eneglycol 400, polyethyleneglycol 200 and n-propanol binary mixtures. The thermodynamic model of Frankel was used to treat preferential solvation in the binary aqueous organic mixtures and reveals that preferential solvation by the organic solvents occurs. Besides preferential solvation, Marcus theory and transfer chemical potential (solubility data) studies were made. Also the Arrhenius parameters for the aquation of tris (ferrozine) iron (II) were investigated under various aqueous organic mixtures. Lamees Zuhair Majjad Supervisor Prof. Bassem F. Shraydeh 199  Zajel / An-Najah National University

Some Chemical Applications of Graph Theory

Some Chemical Applications of Graph Theory

Mukhtar Mohammad Ahmad Al-Shelleh Our air was to study, emphasize and describe the relationships between mathematical branch "Graph Theory" and Chemistry. We interest in the matrix representation of the molecular graph. We state and prove powerful theorems to find the eigenvalues and the cigenvectors of the star graph. We deal with the topological indices and relate them to the I) trysico-chemical properties of a molecule. We suggest that the matrix I3, may be used instead of the distance matrix in a new topological index that was published by Ren (1999). Finally, we believe that this branch of study will grow in future as a modern science. We also wish that Mathematicians and Chemists work and cooperate together in order to improve and get best results in the future. Mukhtar Mohammad Ahmad Al-Shelleh Supervisor Dr. Subhi Ruzieh September 1999  Zajel / An-Najah National University

Some Syntactic Features Typical of Spoken English in the SeniorEnglish Majors' Writing at An-Najah National University

Some Syntactic Features Typical of Spoken English in the SeniorEnglish Majors' Writing at An-Najah National University

Malek Rasheed Saleh Nassrallah The present study attempted to identify some syntactic features of spoken English in the senior English majors' writing at An-Najah National University. Specifically, it aimed at answering the following questions: -Do English seniors apply syntactic features typical of spoken English in their writing? -What are the most syntactic features of the spoken phase of English in their writing? -What are the major sources of English spoken features in the senior English majors' writing? The population of the study (n=51) consisted of all English seniors at An-Najah National University in the academic year 1999/2000. The sample of the study consisted of forty-five students who were attending an advanced English course, Research Methodology. Guided by the survey of previous research, criteria consisting of 18 items divided into three domains were developed by the researcher by which English seniors' essays, based on Hughes's "As I grew older", were syntactically analyzed, using means and percentages. The findings of the study were as follows: -Great occurrences       of coordinated constructions, simple sentences, active voice constructions, simple present tense, parallel constructions, sentence fragments, self-references, and demonstrative modifiers. -Few occurrences of wh-interrogatives, reduced participles, nominalizations, passive voice constructions, subordinated constructions, complex sentences, and compound complex sentences. On the basis of the results, the researcher recommended that further research on other different syntactic and lexical features of spoken English would reveal more about the language used by English majors. Also, the researcher recommended that further courses in writing and, in particular, in spoken and written English would improve the writing skill of English majors as a Process including pre-writing, writing, and revision. Malek Rasheed Saleh Nassrallah Supervisors Dr. Fawas Agel Dr. Hanna Tushyeh May 2001 Zajel / An-Najah National University

Spectrophotometric and Electroanalytical Determination of Prilocaine

Spectrophotometric and Electroanalytical Determination of Prilocaine

Ismail Mohammed Badran Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric and voltainmetric methods for the determination of Prilocaine have been developed. The spectrophotometric method was based on the formation of colored ion-pair complexes between Prilocaine and each of Bromothymol Blue (BTB) and Bromocresol Green (BCG), the complexes formed have been extracted with chloroform and exhibit maximum absorbance at 416 and 420 nm for BTB and BCG, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed over a wide range (2.0 - 24.5 ppm) for BTB, and (2.0 - 26.5) ppm using BCG, with molar absorptivities (E) equals 1.68 x 104 L mol"1 cm-1 and 1.83 x 104 L mol'' cm-1 using BTB and BCG respectively. RSD were found to be 0.61% and 0.53% for BTB and B CG respectively. All factors affecting the color formation, extraction, sensitivity and reproducibility of the method were studied, among which are; effect of pH, type of solvent, shaking time, amount of buffer, concentration of dye, temperature, stability of complex formed, and stoichiometry. The voltammetric method was based on direct determination of Prilocaine using differential-pulse adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (DP-AdCSV) in basic medium using Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer. The factors affecting the sensitivity of the method has been investigated to optimize the determination method, among these factors are: pH, accumulation potential, accumulation time, scan rate, drop size, and pulse amplitude. Calibration graph was found to be linear over the range (0.16-21.6 ppm) (6.2 x 10-7-8.4 x 10-5 M) with detection limit equals 0.16 ppm, and RSD of 0.68%. Ismail Mohammed Badran Supervisors  Prof. Ali Z. Abu Zuhri Dr. Raqi Shubietah July 2000 Zajel / An-Najah National University